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Dengue

Dengue is caused by Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus. DENV causes a wide range of diseases in humans, from a self limited Dengue Fever (DF) to Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) or Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)

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We will be adding more information about Dengue shortly.
 

Dengue Virus

There are four serotypes (DENV-1 through to DENV-4).

DENV-1
The mildest serotype with fever like symptoms, skin rash and aching joints and bones - hence the alias name of "breakbone fever". Some research suggests that DEN-1 infection gives rise to some immunity to secondary infections of DENV-1 whilst some research also suggests that repeated infection by the dengue virus increases the likelihood of complications.


 

Dengue Fever

Recognition of Dengue fever (DF)
  • Sudden onset of high fever
  • Severe headache (mostly in the forehead)
  • Pain behind the eyes which worsens with eye movement
  • Body aches and joint pains
  • Nausea or vomiting


 

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever

Picture
Generalized time course of the events associated with DF, DHF and DSS. The incubation period before the development of signs of infection generally ranges from 4 to 7 days. Source: http://www.denguevirusnet.com
Recognition of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
  • Symptoms similar to dengue fever plus, any one of the following:
  • Severe and continuous pain in abdomen
  • Bleeding from the nose, mouth and gums or skin bruising
  • Frequent vomiting with or without blood
  • Black stools, like coal tar
  • Excessive thirst (dry mouth)
  • Pale, cold skin
  • Restlessness, or sleepiness

Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is defined as dengue hemorrhagic fever plus:
  • Weak rapid pulse
  • Narrow pulse pressure (less than 20 mm Hg) 
  • Cold, clammy skin and restlessness.




Sources:
  • Dengue Virus Net
  • ECDC - The European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control
  • WHO DengueNet
  • WHO Dengue fact sheet

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