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Aedes aegypti mosquito - Dengue vector - research


Biogents mosquito traps - scientifically proven efficiency for Aedes aegypti

Biogents mosquito traps are scientifically proven as efficient at capturing Aedes aegypti mosquito, vector of the Dengue virus and Dengue Fever.

A list of scientific articles with can be consulted through the following link: Publication List on Biogents Traps

 

Biogents Mosquito traps

Through research we have identified suppliers of traps which have proven scientific efficiency at reducing mosquito population at various locations across the world (research about the efficiency of Biogents traps can be seen in our research section).
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Source: BG-Sentinel / Biogents
The two examples above demonstrate the efficiency of the BG-Sentinel (the professional trap and predecessor of Biogents Mosquitaire and Biogents Mosquitito traps) compared to other mosquito traps and "human target", even without the use of CO2. The graph to the right measures "biting presure" in "bites per hour" on a human volunteer and compares areas without Biogent traps compares to areas without traps. In this study in Cesena - Italy, the reduction in biting pressure of the Ae. albopictus during August is above 85%!

As of October 2012 we represent and supply Biogents units for retail as well as replacements.

Please do not hesitate to contact us if you wish more information or would like to discuss trade rates as well as alternative units which cover larger areas.

Mosquito traps are just one contribution to reduce the concentration of mosquitoes - prevention is essential.

 

The significance of Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide plays a subordinate role for a few mosquito species that have specialised in human beings. These especially include those that transmit diseases like malaria, dengue fever or yellow fever. These mosquitoes recognise humans mostly by their skin odour.

Therefore, the Biogents traps are still ideally suited for capturing these mosquito species without the addition of carbon dioxide. This especially applies to tiger mosquitoes (yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti , or the Asian tiger mosquito,Aedes albopictus ), but certain house mosquitoes (especially Culex quinquefasciatus and related species) or a few malaria mosquitoes (Anopheles) as well. 

Although the use of carbon dioxide can partly increase the capture rate significantly (introduction of CO2 demonstrated capture rate of Aedes aegypti  increased by 28% from 46 to 59 mosquitoes over a 24h period), traps can also be used without it in regions where the gas is hard to obtain.

fangleistung_biogent-mueckenfallen_mit_ohne_co2-catch_rates_biogents_mosquito_traps_with_without_co2.pdf
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Impact of weather (temperature and humidity) on Aedes aegypti mosquito


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Population Dynamics of Aedes aegypti and Dengue as Influenced by Weather and Human Behavior in San Juan, Puerto Rico

Abstract - Previous studies on the influence of weather on Aedes aegyptidynamics in Puerto Rico suggested that rainfall was a significant driver of immature mosquito populations and dengue incidence, but mostly in the drier areas of the island. We conducted a longitudinal study of Ae. aegypti in two neighborhoods of the metropolitan area of San Juan city, Puerto Rico where rainfall is more uniformly distributed throughout the year. We assessed the impacts of rainfall, temperature, and human activities on the temporal dynamics of adult Ae. aegypti and oviposition. Changes in adult mosquitoes were monitored with BG-Sentinel traps and oviposition activity with CDC enhanced ovitraps. Pupal surveys were conducted during the drier and wetter parts of the year in both neighborhoods to determine the contribution of humans and rains to mosquito production. Mosquito dynamics in each neighborhood was compared with dengue incidence in their respective municipalities during the study. Our results showed that: 1. Most pupae were produced in containers managed by people, which explains the prevalence of adult mosquitoes at times when rainfall was scant; 2. Water meters were documented for the first time as productive habitats for Ae. aegypti; 3. Even though Puerto Rico has a reliable supply of tap water and an active tire recycling program, water storage containers and discarded tires were important mosquito producers; 4. Peaks in mosquito density preceded maximum dengue incidence; and 5. Ae. aegypti dynamics were driven by weather and human activity and oviposition was significantly correlated with dengue incidence.


Author summary - Previous studies on the influence of weather on Aedes aegypti in Puerto Rico suggested that rainfall influenced mosquito populations and dengue incidence in the drier areas of the island. We studied temporal changes in Ae. aegypti in areas where rainfall is more uniformly distributed throughout the year. Changes in adult mosquitoes were monitored with BG-Sentinel traps and oviposition activity with CDC enhanced ovitraps. We also counted the number of mosquito pupae in containers with water during the drier and wetter parts of the year to determine the contribution of humans and rainfall to mosquito production. Mosquito dynamics was compared with dengue incidence in the municipalities investigated in the study (November 2007–December 2008). We found that the population of Ae. aegypti was driven by weather and human activities, and peaks in mosquito density preceded maximum dengue incidence during the rainy season. Even though Puerto Rico has a reliable supply of tap water and an active tire recycling program, water storage containers (e.g., 5-gal pails, drums) and discarded tires were important mosquito producers. We also documented for the first time that water meters are important producers ofAe. aegypti. This longitudinal study contributes to a better understanding of the complex dynamics of weather, human behavior, mosquito vectors, and dengue virus transmission in an endemic country.


Source
Barrera R, Amador M, MacKay AJ (2011) Population Dynamics of Aedes aegypti and Dengue as Influenced by Weather and Human Behavior in San Juan, Puerto Rico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5(12): e1378. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001378

Impact of temperature fluctuations on dengue virus transmission by Aedes aegypti

"Abstract - The  influence  of  temperature  and  r.h.  on  the  flight  performance of  tethered  virgin  female  Aedes  aegypti  was investigated.  Mosquitoes  of  similar age were  flown  to  exhaustion  on  flight  mills  at  various  temperatures  and  relative humidities.  Parameters  measured  were  distance  flown,  duration  of  flight,  speed of  flight,  initial  weight  of  mosquitoes,  and  live  weight  lost  during  exhaustive flight.The  temperature  range  at  which  sustained  tethered  flight  occurred  was 15  to  32°C.  Temperature  extremes  at  which  flight  was  possible  were  10  and 35°C;  however,  performance  was  minimal  in  both  duration  and  distance  at these  temperatures.  The  optimal  temperature  for  flight  was  21°C.  Mosquitoes flew farther  at  15°C  than  at the  commonly  reported  optimal  temperature  of 27°C. 

In  general,  flight  performance  was  greater  below  27°C.

Relative  humidity  within  30  to  90  per  cent  had  no  demonstrable  influence on  flight  performance  at  any  temperature  studied  except  at  32°C  where  30  per cent  had  a marked  limiting  effect  on  mosquito  flight."

Source:
  • ROWLEY, W.A. and  GRAHAM, C.L., 1968, THE  EFFECT  OF  TEMPERATURE  AND  RELATIVE HUMIDITY  ON  THE  FLIGHT  PERFORMANCE OF  FEMALE  AEDES  AEGYPTI, J. Insect  Physiol., Vol.  14, pp. 1251 to 125

Impact of daily temperature fluctuations on dengue virus transmission by Aedes aegypti

"Abstract - Most studies on the ability of insect populations to transmit pathogens consider only constant temperatures and do not account for realistic daily temperature fluctuations that can impact vector–pathogen interactions. Here, we show that diurnal temperature range (DTR) affects two important parameters underlying dengue virus (DENV) transmission by Aedes aegypti. In two independent experiments using different DENV serotypes, mosquitoes were less susceptible to virus infection and died faster under larger DTR around the same mean temperature. Large DTR (20 °C) decreased the probability of midgut infection, but not duration of the virus extrinsic incubation period (EIP), compared with moderate DTR (10 °C) or constant temperature. A thermodynamic model predicted that at mean temperatures <18 °C, DENV transmission increases as DTR increases, whereas at mean temperatures >18 °C, larger DTR reduces DENV transmission. The negative impact of DTR on Ae. aegypti survival indicates that large temperature fluctuations will reduce the probability of vector survival through EIP and expectation of infectious life. Seasonal variation in the amplitude of daily temperature fluctuations helps to explain seasonal forcing of DENV transmission at locations where average temperature does not vary seasonally and mosquito abundance is not associated with dengue incidence. Mosquitoes lived longer and were more likely to become infected under moderate temperature fluctuations, which is typical of the high DENV transmission season than under large temperature fluctuations, which is typical of the low DENV transmission season. Our findings reveal the importance of considering short-term temperature variations when studying DENV transmission dynamics."

Source:
  • Lambrechts, L. et al., 2011, Impact of daily temperature fluctuations on dengue virus transmission by Aedes aegypti, PNAS, vol. 108 no. 18 7460-7465

 

Significant Discovery: How Natural Temperature Fluctuations Affect the Population Growth Rate of the Dengue Mosquito

Abstract

Background

The effect of temperature on insect biology is well understood under constant temperature conditions, but less so under more natural, fluctuating conditions. A fluctuating temperature profile around a mean of 26°C can alter Aedes aegypti vector competence for dengue viruses as well as numerous life-history traits, however, the effect of fluctuations on mosquitoes at critical thermal limits is unknown.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We investigated the effects of large and small daily temperature fluctuations at low (16°C) and high (35–37°C) mean temperatures, after we identified these temperatures as being thresholds for immature development and/or adult reproduction under constant temperature conditions. We found that temperature effects on larval development time, larval survival and adult reproduction depend on the combination of mean temperature and magnitude of fluctuations. Importantly, observed degree-day estimates for mosquito development under fluctuating temperature profiles depart significantly (around 10–20%) from that predicted by constant temperatures of the same mean. At low mean temperatures, fluctuations reduce the thermal energy required to reach pupation relative to constant temperature, whereas at high mean temperatures additional thermal energy is required to complete development. A stage-structured model based on these empirical data predicts that fluctuations can significantly affect the intrinsic growth rate of mosquito populations.

Conclusions/Significance

Our results indicate that by using constant temperatures, one could under- or over-estimate values for numerous life-history traits compared to more natural field conditions dependent upon the mean temperature. This complexity may in turn reduce the accuracy of population dynamics modeling and downstream applications for mosquito surveillance and disease prevention.

Source:
  • Carrington, L.B et al., 2013 "Effects of Fluctuating Daily Temperatures at Critical Thermal Extremes on Aedes aegypti Life-History Traits", PLoS ONE 8(3): e58824. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058824
  • Significant Discovery: How Natural Temperature Fluctuations Affect the Population Growth Rate of the Dengue Mosquito, UC Davis

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