Aedes aegypti mosquito - Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika

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Aedes aegypti mosquito update

Aedes aegypti mosquito, the vector for Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika vius
Monitoring Programme with Biogents mosquito traps help control the mosquito population.

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Funchal initiates a combat operation against the Dengue vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito

28/7/2014

Source: DN Noticias Madeira 2014-07-28

Funchal City Council will initiate the 2014 combat against the Aedes aegypti mosquito - the Dengue Fever vector - Tuesday 29 July with the application of salt water in the city´s gutters and drainage system, especially in the most critical areas of the city, marked in red.

Salt water has been confirmed as an effective measure against the evolution of mosquito larva with little or no relevant environmental impact since most of the city´s road / rainwater drainage systems empty into the sea.

Funchal City Council maintains its own monitoring network of both ovitraps and mosquito traps and sends these results to the regional health board - IASAUDE who in turn, together with a larger monitoring network, produce a regional entomological report.

This combat will continue through to October / mid-November in intervals of no more than 3 weeks and adjusted according the meteorological alterations and monitoring results

Source: DN Noticas Madeira "Operação de combate ao mosquito vector de transmissão da dengue no Funchal", 2014-07-28

ZINO Consultadoria in partnership with ITB offer a Mosquito Monitoring Programme which allows property managers as well as private individuals to monitor mosquito activity within various areas, using best practice methodology and includes a site visit and recommendations on how to eliminate mosquito breeding grounds and undertake preventative measures.

MOsquito monitoring programme

It is also possible to acquire mosquito traps.

Aedes aegypti mosquito returns

23/7/2014

Dengue vector, Aedes aegypti mosquito return as per seasonal activity, with 50% mosquito activity reduction compared to 2012

Aedes aegypti concentration in 2014 is 50% of that observed in 2012

Following the Dengue fever outbreak in 2012, Madeira´s health authorities maintain a monitoring network which is reinforced between May and November when there is higher Aedes activity.

Madeira has only registered 5 imported cases of Dengue fever since the official end of the outbreak in March 2013.

17 months have passed without any autochthonous Dengue infections.

Ana Clara Silva, vice-president of IASUADE confirms that Madeira and Porto Santo participate in a national vector monitoring programme REVIVE, which have indicated 50% less mosquito activity in 2014 compared to 2012.

Eradication of the mosquito is unlikely. Locals and visitors must learn to live with the mosquito, as in other destinations such as Greece or Madrid in Spain where 38 cases of imported Chinkunguya virus infections were declared and are transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, which is settling not only in tropical destinations.

Prevention is still the key action, both in the reduction of breeding grounds, especial water ways, as well as wearing light coloured, long sleeve clothes and mosquito repellent to prevent being bitten.

Lastly, travellers visiting known Dengue or Chinkunguya outbreak regions, such as Brazil, should adhere to recommendations to prevent being bitten and/or infected by the Aedes mosquito. Those returning from Dengue outbreak regions and have any symptoms of Dengue within 2-3 weeks after returning, should contact their doctor ... as they could cause an outbreak in regions with Aedes mosquito.

Source "Mosquitos de regresso, Aedes aegypti já estão em maior actividade. Iasaude recomenda cuidados" in DN Noticias Madeira 2014-07-23

Post World Cup Fever

10/7/2014

Post World Cup Fever - could Europe be facing a 2014 summer of Dengue and Chikungunya fever outbreak in local Aedes mosquito populations?

Monitoring Aedes mosquito population, as well as their viral load, could be a key step to reduce the risk of a Dengue or Chikungunya fever outbreak in European locations where the Aedes mosquito is know to be resident.

Aedes MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAMME

Global Dengue Transmission Map Courtesy of World Health Organization.

Source: IASAUDE / July 2014

Aedes MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAMME

The World Cup in 2014 was held in Brasil, the country with the highest number of Dengue cases in the world.

The World Cup is expected to attract 600,000 international visitors and , with the substantial decrease of mosquito and dengues cases in 2013 and early 2014, an estimated 3-59 and expected 33 visitors will become infected ... estimating the number of dengue infections in international visitors to Brazil may also help anticipate the risk of importation of dengue into currently non-dengue endemic countries when the travellers return home. Travellers contribute to the spread of dengue globally which for example has led to the dengue outbreak in Europe in 2012, in the Island of Madeira (Portugal) (Wilder-Smith et al. 2014).

Data on air passengers and air travel patterns may help identify risks for importation (Napoli et al. 2012, Sessions et al. 2013). The establishment of dengue in currently uninfected area will depend on the presence and density of Aedes mosquitoes. Assessing the likelihood of local transmission of these viruses into currently uninfected countries such as most of Europe depends on the number of viraemic person-days among air-travellers arriving in the European Union (Seyler et al. 2009).

Finally, the dengue number of cases observed in the first 14 weeks of 2014 is more than 80% lower than the same period in 2013. Many factors could explain this observation, in particular the huge epidemic that occurred in 2013 (the highest ever in Brazilian dengue history with more than 1.3 million cases) and the severe drought observed in the summer period of 2103/2014. The latter factor has been previously reported in Brazil (Olívêr et al. 2014), when a significant negative correlation was observed between dengue cases and bushfires, a phenomenon strongly influenced by drought. In addition, important vector control measures were reinforced as a result of the huge outbreak in 2013. In any case, it is expected that the number of dengue cases among travellers visiting Brazil in the World Cup will be very low.

Source:
"Risk of symptomatic dengue for foreign visitors to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil", Massad E. et al,
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 109(3): 394-397, May 2014

Wilder-Smith A, Quam M, Sessions O, Rocklov J, Liu-Helmersson J, Franco L, Khan K. The 2012 dengue outbreak in Madeira: exploring the origins . Euro Surveill.
2014;19(8):pii=20718. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20718

Funchal City Council update on fight against Dengue mosquito vector

5/4/2013

Funchal City Council "Camâra Municipal do Funchal" update on the fight against Aedes aegypti mosquito, Dengue virus vector

Press conference to update on actions being put in place to continue the fight against Aedes aegypti mosquito, the Dengue fever vector.

More information on the dedicated area "todos constra o mosquito" which also has a section to report potential breeding sites.

Madeira Dengue Fever outbreak update - 14 February 2013

14/2/2013

Weekly number of dengue case from week 39/2012 to week 3/2013 - Probable and confirmed cases, n=2 164 excluding imported cases in the EU

Source: ECDC - 14 Feb. 2013

The latest figures from the Portuguese Ministry of Health indicate an important decrease of the number of notified cases reported since mid-November 2012, week 46 (see the 'Situação em 03/02/2013' update on the Dengue fever page of the Direção-Geral da Saúde website) - as reported in previos post on this blog. However, the outbreak is still on-going with 28 cases reported in 2013 and three cases last week recorded by the local epidemiological surveillance system. This is indicative of an uninterrupted transmission occurring since the start of the outbreak and continuous vector activity. In addition, based on retrospective information on vector surveillance and meteorological data, the seasonal increase of vector activities will likely take place from around May-June 2013.

ECDC advises residents and travellers visiting the island of Madeira to take individual protective measures (like using repellents) to avoid mosquito bites. Dengue is transmitted by a daytime mosquito and consequently protective measures must be applied throughout the day. Travellers experiencing febrile symptoms with severe headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia and maculo-papular rash within 21 days of visiting Madeira are advised to seek medical advice.

ECDC continues monitoring the situation in collaboration with National and regional (Madeira) public health authorities in Portugal and gathering information on confirmed cases reported by EU/EEA Member States among returning travellers.

Source: ECDC Epidemiological update: Outbreak of dengue in Madeira, Portugal, 14 Feb 2013

Madeira Dengue Fever - number of new weekly cases reported in local population continue to drop

12/2/2013

Madeira Dengue cases reported in local population continue to drop. Source: DGS report 3 February 2013

New Madeira Dengue cases reported per week in local population continue to drop

Since the start of the Dengue outbreak in Madeira on 3rd October 2012, a total of 2164 Dengue fever cases have been reported in the Autonomous Region of Madeira health network, with new number of reported cases per week in local population continuing to drop.

Exported cases of Dengue Fever

Madeira Dengue Fever - exported cases. Analysis www.zino.pt

NOTE: reporting is monthly, so possible that exported cases could have occurred since previous report issue rather than a significant outbreak.

Total number of exported cases has increased from 74 to 78 since the last monthly report in January 2013, with one new case reported in Portugal and three in Finland. The last report was on 1st February 2013 (ECDC - CDTR report week 6).

No travel restrictions to and from Madeira maintained and preventative measures still recommended.

Although the number of new local Dengue Fever cases reported per week continue to drop (due to reduced mosquito population activity because of lower temperatures), dengue still exists in the vector Aedes aegypti mosquito in Madeira, as the new cases confirm. Health authorities maintain the recommendation of prevention measures to avoid getting bitten by mosquito.

Dengue Fever mosquito Monitoring Programme

We maintain developing the Aedes aegypti Mosquito Monitoring Programme which will allow participants to monitor mosquito eggs and larvae as well as adult mosquito population and, according to weekly results, take preventative measures to avoid adult mosquito outbreaks and consequent Dengue Fever transmission/outbreak.
The Aedes aegypti Mosquito Monitoring Programme can also include a site visit and audit to identify potential mosquito breeding sites and recommend actions to reduce or eliminate breeding sites as well as regular audits to verify implementation of recommendations.

We are working with the Chamber of Commerce and local authorities to develop a network of participants who want to monitor their own private areas, which can complement the monitoring network being done by local authorities.

contact - MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAMME

Sources:

DGS report 3 February 2013
ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) - week 6/2013 - 12 February 2013

2013-02-03_dgs_i018334.pdf
File Size:	282 kb
File Type:	pdf

2013-02-12_ecdc_communicable-disease-threats-report-9-feb-2013.pdf
File Size:	268 kb
File Type:	pdf

ECDC - Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) - week 51 - Growing Number of Exported cases of Dengue

22/12/2012

Madeira Dengue outbreak reducing amongst locals but increasing amongst vistors to the island

Whilst the reported cases of Dengue Fever amongst the local population reported on 19-12-2012 by local and national health authorities were reconfirmed by ECDC´s CDTR of week 51 issued 22-12-2012, the same report increased the number of reported exported cases from 58 to 72 until 20 December 2012.

Health authorities including the European ECDC and US CDC maintain that there are no travel restrictions to Madeira. Visitors should take preventative protection measures (use mosquito relent containing DEET, use long sleeves shirts and trousers) to prevent getting bitten.

The epidemiological situation does not imply the need for any trade or travel restriction beyond the disinfestation policies currently implemented.

Source: ECDC CDTR, week 51 (16 - 22 December 2012)
Analysis: ZINO - Consultadoria

2012-12-21_ecdc_communicable-disease-threats-report-21-dec-2012.pdf
File Size:	547 kb
File Type:	pdf

CDC issue notice Travel Notice for Madeira 20-12-2012

20/12/2012

CDC issue Travel Notice update "Dengue in Madeira"

CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issue a Travel Notice update for the Dengue outbreak in Madeira on 20-12-2012

At this time, CDC does not advise against travel to Madeira. However, travelers should protect themselves from mosquito bites.

Madeira Dengue Fever - weekly update 12-12-2012

12/12/2012

Madeira Dengue Fever outbreak with sustained decrease in number of new local cases

In the weekly update on 12 December 2012 regarding Dengue Fever outbreak in Madeira since 3 October 2012, the National Health Authorities reported 2050 cases of dengue fever, as follows:

total number of confirmed cases 2050

57 new cases in week 49 (03 - 09 December 2012) on previous week, a 44% retraction in new cases

total cumulated hospitalized cases 121
number of patients currently hospitalized 2
Number of cases reported by non-resident citizens with recent stay in Madeira: 52

NOTE:
ECDC report of 13 December 2012 (see below for link) identifies 58 exported cases until 12 December 2012

The prevention recommendations remain in place as well as actions to reduce local transmission and export of the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector.

ECDC maintains there is no trade or travel restriction beyond disinfestation

The ECDC in is weekly "Communicable Disease Threats report", Week 49, 2-8 December 2012 reconfirmed there are no trade or travel restrictions to and from Madeira.

"The epidemiological situation does not imply the need for any trade or travel restriction beyond the disinfestation policies currently implemented"

Source:
Comunicado do Diretor-Geral da Saúde sobre casos de dengue na Região Autónoma da Madeira "DGS"
ECDC weekly "Communicable Disease Threats report", Week 49, 2-8 December 2012
ECDC "Epidemiological update: Outbreak of dengue in Madeira, Portugal" 13 December 2012
Analysis: ZINO - Consultadoria

2012-12-12_dgs_i018074.pdf
File Size:	634 kb
File Type:	pdf

2012-12-07_ecdc_communicable-disease-threats-report-7-dec-2012.pdf
File Size:	315 kb
File Type:	pdf

WHO - Dengue global Map, areas of risk

6/12/2012

Many holiday destinations are Dengue fever zones, as identified by the World Health Organization. recent outbreaks in Europe raise the questions:
- do holiday makers understand that there are various strains of Dengue fever, from a mild strain which causes flu like symptoms to hemorrhagic fever
- most dengue cases have a possitive evolution with no medical problems
- that preventative measures such as the use of mosquito repellent, long sleeve shirts and trousers, mosquito nets are usually enough to prevent getting bitten
- accommodation and leisure facilities which undertake mosquito control measures also contribute to the preventative measures, as reduce the mosquito population

We would very much like to know your opinion, as a holiday maker.

Dengue fever at a holiday destination

Has dengue fever altered your holiday destination plans *

YES DEPENDING ON STRAIN NO

Have you been on holidays to a dengue fever area? *

YES YES and was infected YES and was not infected NO NO because of dengue fever

Do you know there are 4 strains of the virus, where DENV-1 is the mildest? *

YES NO

Would you select a hotel only if they confirmed they are taking measures to combat mosquito population *

ESSENTIAL to hotel selection PREFER hotel but not essential NOT RELEVANT

Would you change hotel if, on arrival, no mosquito control measures were in place? *

YES, I would change hotel NO

Following recent outbreak of Dengue fever in Madeira as of 03-11-2012, will you still visit? *

YES NO

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Monitoring Programme

We are proposing an Aedes aegypti Monitoring Programme for private individuals and enterprises - find out more.

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Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika mosquito traps

Andrew Zino

Licenciado em Micro Biologia de Medicina pela Universidade de Edimburgo (BSc Hons), após pesquisa, identifica em 2008 as armadilhas Biogents com prova cientifica da sua eficácia.

Sources

WHO
CDC Travel Notice / Madeira
ECDC
INSA
DGS
IASUADE

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